The Crime Of The Justice System - 1482 Words

Youth in the Justice System Nowadays, murders, rapes and other heinous crimes can be committed by anyone. A fourteen-year-old teenager who murders someone or does a massacre in school can be often seen from the headline news of newspaper. However, these youth criminals may have much less severe punishment than adults may have who have done the same crime. A criminal is a criminal that must be punished as no difference between adult and youths if the crimes committed are heinous crimes such as murder and rape. A bullet wound hurts just as much when a child as fires the gun as when an adult fires the gun. Therefore, regardless to age, the youths who commit heinous crimes like murder and rape should be charged as adults and get the punishment†¦show more content†¦Those heinous crimes such as murder or rape are now often committed by those who are not even in high school yet. The age group of these criminals is surprisingly young. For example, according to â€Å"Right from Wrong† in the Seattle Time s news, â€Å"in Seattle, a 13 year-old boy has been found guilty of murdering a 14-year-old girl; which is the youngest person committing first-degree murder in King County Superior Court.† Another story states about â€Å"a 10-year-old is accused of robbing and threatening to kill an elderly woman.† (Carey, 1994) If the juvenile court offered those really young criminals with only a rehabilitation, those young criminal from the story above would start having the idea of that the consequences of killing is merely a rehabilitation just like stealing, or shoplifting. According to author Kathleen, â€Å"each state has special courts usually called juvenile courts; to deal with minors who have been accused of violating a criminal statute. The proceedings are civil as opposed to criminal. So, instead of being formally charged with a crime, juvenile offenders are accused of committing a delinquent act.† (Kathleen) The term â€Å"delinquent act† comparing to the term â€Å"crime† is less severe. The term â€Å"delinquent act† makes the â€Å"crime† committed by teenager sounds nothing more than a child’s misbehavior. It makes these who being tried in a juvenile court seem like they

Motivation And The Reluctant Learner - 2943 Words

Running head: MOTIVATION Motivation and the Reluctant Learner Jennifer F. Olivares University of Wisconsin – La Crosse Blended Learning Community, ME-PD Abstract Successfully motivating all students to want to learn and to work to their full potential is undoubtedly a complicated task. Motivation is impacted by a variety of internal and external as well as social and cultural factors and is unique to every individual. Several motivation theories exist to help better explain and understand motivation. Strategies and techniques related to these motivation theories can be implemented within the classroom setting with the goal of successfully motivating students. The role of educators and the classroom environments they create is†¦show more content†¦As someone who thrived on positive feedback and recognition from my teachers throughout my educational career, I also struggle with why my positive reinforcement is not enough to prompt unmotivated students to turn in their homework or put forth their best efforts. As a person who greatly valued the grades she achieved, I feel frustrated when capable students’ grades do not reflect th eir knowledge or abilities because they choose not to study or turn in homework assignments. Working as a high school Spanish teacher, I often find myself questioning what I can do to motivate all of my students to want to learn and be successful within my classroom. Despite my best efforts, there always seems to be a handful of students every semester who I struggle to successfully motivate. There is a constant battle to get these students to turn in their homework, put forth sincere effort on their assignments, or adequately prepare themselves for assessments. This causes me great frustration as I see the potential all students have to excel if successfully motivated to learn Spanish and try their best. With this idea in mind, I wanted to learn more about motivation and, more specifically, motivating students within the classroom.

Samson and delillah Free Essays

The following case study is an exploration of the Australian film Samson and Delilah which features the impact that the volatile substance abuse [VSA] of petrol sniffing has on one of the characters in the film, Samson. I have chosen him to be the basis for my client and case-study and will begin by giving a description of the character, his family life and the social context to start this case-study. I will then provide an assessment and case formulation as well as Samson’s psychosocial needs and his volatile substance abuse of petrol sniffing. We will write a custom essay sample on Samson and delillah or any similar topic only for you Order Now The substance abuse counselling model hat I would draw on is explained, as well as the usefulness for Samson in the situation that he is in. I have explained the way in which I would work with Samson and also analysed research that is relevant to Samson’s dependence on sniffing petrol and discussed any likely outcomes. In concluding this case-study I have listed any challenges that I feel he would face and identified any ethical issues that may arise. Background Information Samson is a 14 year old Indigenous Australian male who lives in a remote Aboriginal Community in the central Australian desert. Samson lives with his rothers who hang out in their run down shack, playing music from the moment that they wake up until the moment that they go to sleep. When Samson wakes up in the morning the first thing that he reaches for is his canister of petrol and starts sniffing the fumes that enable him to get high. Samson doesn’t go to school or have any direction in life, he seems to be very bored and spends his days hanging around the community, doing nothing but getting high on petrol fumes. Samson runs away from the community with his girlfriend Delilah after Samson has a violent fight with his rother and Delilah is attacked by the older women after her beloved grandmother dies. They go to the city where they camp out under a bridge, they have no money and in order to eat, and have to rely on a homeless man that they meet to feed them or steal food from the local supermarket. Delilah is kidnapped as they are both walking along which Samson is oblivious too as he is so high on petrol fumes. His girlfriend is raped and bashed by the abductors, but when she returns back to the camp Samson is unconscious on the ground, passed out from sniffing petrol. Delilah tarts sniffing petrol as well and is hit by a car as they are walking along the road, which Samson is once more oblivious too, as they are both high on petrol fumes. Delilah recovers in hospital, comes back and takes Samson to a remote property where she intends on helping him to dry out, but finds him sniffing petrol again. Assessment of Samson Samson has been heavily abusing this volatile substance to the point where he is physiologically dependent on sniffing petrol . Behave Net(2013) explain that substance dependence can be diagnosed when an individual continues to use the rug, even though there are problems associated with the use of the volatile substance. Samson has built up a tolerance to the petrol and seems to need increased amounts of this substance in order to attain the desired level of intoxication. Rassool (2009) confirms this, stating that when a body adjusts to the habitual use ot a drug, tolerance occurs as higher doses ot the substance are needed to â€Å"reproduce the desired or similar cognitive, affective or behavioural effects† (p. ). Petrol sniffing is a form of volatile solvent abuse [VSA] that is more common in isadvantaged or isolated communities which reflects the history of cultural oppression, poor health, unemployment, recreational opportunity and geographical isolation of remote Indigenous Australians( Dingwall, Lewis,Maruff ; Cairney 2010). Research has shown that 14 to 17 year old Indigenous Australian males a re more habitual in the use of VSA by using more frequently and longer than non- Indigenous users (Australian Government Department of Health and Aging Publications, 2004). High risk behaviours are associated with VSA due to the individual feeling a sense of eing invulnerable, which can cause accidents, injury and death (Cairney; Dingwall, 2010). VSA can also cause the individual to have violent outbursts towards other individuals as well as showing signs of slurred speech, confusion and stupor which can lead to seizures, brain injury and death (Australian Government Department of Health and Aging Publications, 2004). Samson is showing all the signs of chronic use of VSA in relation to his oblivion of all of the trauma that has resulted from his dependence on petrol. I feel that Samson is bored because of the lack of recreational ctivities as well as schooling, there also does not appear to be any cultural programs in place to guide him in helping him with a sense of identity, or any real family support including the sharing of the cultural knowledge of elders. Intervention Plan Although there are screening tools such as The Indigenous Risk Impact Screen and Brief Intervention Tool Kit (Amity Community Services, n. d), I feel that the best approach in helping Samson and his dependence on VSA, is to consult with community elders as he is not only a minor, but there are also a lot of cultural arriers that would make it very difficult to counsell him unless the person were specially trained. It would be especially difficult as Samson speaks his traditional language and very little English. Cairney and Dingwall (2010) find that it is hard for the problem of VSA to be managed and the impact of it to be understood by Indigenous communities as well as health and government services because of the severe cultural differences that occur between these groups. Aboriginal people have a kinship structure where immediate and extended family are seen as part of the roup and within Indigenous communities their health is seen as a collective of the emotional, social and cultural wellbeing of the community (Pattel, 2007). I have personally never worked with clients with VSA, but I feel that motivational interviewing would also benefit Samson’s brothers and their community in helping them overcome the problems of VSA. Giddens-Tracey (2005) explains that motivational interviewing is non -Judgmental and avoids confrontation, it helps to raise awareness of the problems, risks and consequences as a result of certain ehaviours, and it is also helpful in the context of treatment planning. MacLean and d’Abbs (2002) also believe that the introduction of Youth focused programs and the accessibility of basic food, shelter and education would reduce petrol sniffing, which would greatly benefit Samson if these projects were to be put in place. Cairney and Dingwall (2010) also suggest that by replacing the volatile petrol with a non-volatile fuel derivative there will be a reduction in the supply of petrol to inhale. Treatment Process I believe that the first step that would need to be taken in the process ot treating Samson is to have a doctor or health practitioner examine him for any signs of medical complications. The Australian Government Department of Health and Aging Publications (2004) suggest that when dealing with chronic VSA, it is important for â€Å"mental state, organ and neurological examination, chest x-rays, blood tests and any additional tests that may be required to assess the presence of metabolic disturbances and morbidity to other organs such as the kidneys†(p. 142). SVA has been a serious problem in many remote Aboriginal communities and there are many rograms that have been put in place to help these Indigenous youth. The volatile substance abuse program (The Australian Indigenous Health Info Net, 2013) runs for 8 weeks offering residence to individuals participating in their programs. They also travel to remote communities to work with Indigenous youth who are having problems with petrol sniffing. Although these services would be great for youth in bigger communities with elder support, I feel that Samson would be more beneficial in attending compulsory treatment Wouth workers back petrol sniffing laws†, 2009) ue to his lack of family and elder support as well as his young age. By contrast If Samson did have the support of his brothers I feel that he would benefit from Cultural programs that would give him a sense of identity that teach him the ways of his ancestors by restoring the links to his traditional culture(MacLean d’Abbs). Ethical Issues The first and foremost issue that would affect a counsellor working with Samson is their ability to be aware and respectful of any cultural differences or traditions. Westerman (2004) ,Vicary and Andrews (2001) McLennan and Khavarpour( 2004) ropose that due to non-indigenous health care workers being aware of cultural traditions and practices, many Indigenous Australians are wary of engaging in mental health services( as cited in Fan,2007). There is also the issue of gender roles in Indigenous culture, Fan(2007) also explains that it is common practice in health care to work with your same gender, so it may not be respectful for a female counsellor to work with Samson as he may feel shame, which may have a detrimental effect on his treatment and recovery process. As a counsellor there is also the ethical esponsibility of working with a minor, as Samson is only 14 years old. The Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia [PACFA] (2011) states that â€Å"Working with young people requires specific training, ethical awareness and competence. The practitioner is required to consider and assess the balance between young people’s dependence on adults and carers and their progressive development towards acting independently’ (p. 14). Therefore I feel that it would be advisable to refer Samson on to a culturally appropriate service that would be more equipped to help his needs. Conclusion In concluding this case study on a young 14 year old Indigenous Australian who is dependent on sniffing petrol we can see that Samson has built up a tolerance to the petrol and seems to need increased amounts of this substance in order to attain the desired level of intoxication. Petrol sniffing is a form of volatile solvent abuse [VSA] that is more common in disadvantaged or isolated communities which reflects the history of cultural oppression, poor health, unemployment, recreational opportunity and geographical isolation of remote Indigenous Australians. VSA can also cause the individual to nave violent outbursts towards other individuals as well as snowing signs of slurred speech, confusion and stupor which can lead to seizures, brain injury and death. The first step that would need to be taken in the process of treating medical complications. Cultural programs that would give Samson a sense of Cultural identity would benefit him greatly if he had support from his family but I feel that Samson would be more beneficial in attending a compulsory culturally appropriate service treatment due to the ethical issues surrounding his age. How to cite Samson and delillah, Papers

Biology Paper Carbon Dating Essay Example For Students

Biology Paper: Carbon Dating Essay Period: 8During the first part of class we talked about Isotopes andcarbon dating. This subject caught my attention unlike other lessons, so Idecided to do my report on this topic. It is not very controversial, theonly controversy being if it is accurate or not. Carbon dating iscontroversial in that is shares some of the fundamental assumptionsinherent to all Radiometric Dating techniques. In order for Carbon Datingto have any value, Carbon-14, produced in our outer atmosphere as Nitrogen-14 and changed into radioactive Carbon-14 by cosmic-ray bombardment, andmust be at equilibrium in our atmosphere. In other words, the productionrate must be equal to the decay rate. Therefore, the question I pose isthis; is carbon dating an effective way of telling the date of artifacts?The first thing I will discuss is how carbon dating works. Carbon-14is the radioactive version of Carbon. Radiation from the sun strikes theatmosphere of the earth all day long. This energy produces radioactiveCarbon -14. This radioactive Carbon-14 slowly decays into normal, stableCarbon-12. Laboratory testing has shown that about half of the Carbon-14molecules will decay in 5730 years. After another 5730 years half of theremaining Carbon-14 will decay, leaving only of the original Carbon-14. It goes from to to 1/8, ect. In theory it would never totallydisappear, but after about 5 half lives the difference is not measurablewith any degree of accuracy. This is why most people say that carbon datingis only good for objects less than 30,000 years old. Since sunlight causes the formation of Carbon-14 in the atmosphere,and normal radioactive decay takes it out, there must be a point where theformation rate and the decay rate equalize. This is called the point ofequilibrium. Let me illustrate; if you were trying to fill a barrel withwater but there were holes drilled up the side of the barrel, as you filledthe barrel it would began leaking out the holes. At some point you would beputting water in and water would be leaking out at the same rate. You willnot be able to fill the barrel pas this point. In the same way Carbon-14 isbeing formed and is decaying out simultaneously. A freshly created earthwould require about 30,000 years for the amount of Carbon-14 in theatmosphere to reach this point of equilibrium because it would leak out asit is being filled. Tests indicate that the earth has yet to reachequilibrium. This would mean that the earth is not yet 30,000 years old. This also means that plants and animals that lived in the past had lessCarbon-14 in them than they do today. This one fact totally upsets dataobtained by Carbon-14 dating. Yet another example is a candle you find burning in a room. You couldmeasure the present height of the candle (say, seven inches) and the rateof burn (say, an inch per hour). In order to find the length of time sincethe candle was lit we would be forced to make some assumptions. We wouldobviously have to assume that the candle has always burned at the samerate, and the initial height of the candle. The answer changes based on theassumptions. Similarly, scientists do not know that the Carbon-14 decayrate has been constant. They do not know that the amount of Carbon-14 inthe atmosphere is constant. Present testing shows the amount of Carbon-14in the atmosphere has been increasing ever since it was first measured inthe 1950s. This may be tied in to the declining strength of the magneticfield, but this has not yet been proven. .u6b880b1e9536e3e406b1eb8c75082022 , .u6b880b1e9536e3e406b1eb8c75082022 .postImageUrl , .u6b880b1e9536e3e406b1eb8c75082022 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6b880b1e9536e3e406b1eb8c75082022 , .u6b880b1e9536e3e406b1eb8c75082022:hover , .u6b880b1e9536e3e406b1eb8c75082022:visited , .u6b880b1e9536e3e406b1eb8c75082022:active { border:0!important; } .u6b880b1e9536e3e406b1eb8c75082022 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6b880b1e9536e3e406b1eb8c75082022 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6b880b1e9536e3e406b1eb8c75082022:active , .u6b880b1e9536e3e406b1eb8c75082022:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6b880b1e9536e3e406b1eb8c75082022 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6b880b1e9536e3e406b1eb8c75082022 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6b880b1e9536e3e406b1eb8c75082022 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6b880b1e9536e3e406b1eb8c75082022 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6b880b1e9536e3e406b1eb8c75082022:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6b880b1e9536e3e406b1eb8c75082022 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6b880b1e9536e3e406b1eb8c75082022 .u6b880b1e9536e3e406b1eb8c75082022-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6b880b1e9536e3e406b1eb8c75082022:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mice and Men Analysis EssayThis dating technique assumes that Carbon-14 has reached equilibrium. There is more Carbon-14 in our atmosphere today then there was at any timein the past. Thus, Carbon Dating is controversial. If theres more Carbon-14 in the atmosphere today than there was 50 years ago, then an animal thatdied 100 years ago would test at an artificially higher age. Many experiments have been done in attempts to change radioactivedecay rates, but these experiments have failed to produce any significantchanges. We have found that decay constants are the same at a temperatureof 2000 degrees Celsius or at a temperature of 186 degrees Celsius and arethe same in a vacuum or under pressure of several thousand atmospheres. Measurements of decay rates under differing gravitational and magneticfields also have provided negative